Vital Signs: In middle adulthood, average heart rate is around 70 bpm, ranging from 60-100 bpm. For exercise, estimate max heart rate with [220 - AGE]. The breathing rate is usually 12-20 per minute. Blood pressure averages 120/80 mmHg, with normal ranges of 90-140 systolic and 60-90 diastolic. Normal body temperature is 98.6°F.

Physiological Changes: Middle-aged bodies face more health risks. Heart problems like high blood pressure and heart disease become more common. Lung function decreases, raising risks of COPD and sleep apnea. When checking breathing issues, look for underlying conditions. Bones get weaker, increasing the chances of osteoporosis and arthritis. Be careful moving these patients to avoid fractures. Brain function slows a bit, and stroke risk goes up. Use FAST assessment for any odd neurological complaints. Diabetes risk increases, so consider it if a patient seems confused. Vision and hearing often worsen, so you might need to speak up or write things down.

Psychological and Social Aspects: Middle age can be tough mentally. Depression and anxiety are more common. Empty nest syndrome hits when kids leave home. Many people this age care for parents or grandkids, which is stressful. Job changes and retirement planning add more worry. Keep an eye out for mental health issues or suicide risk.

Common Medical Emergencies: You'll likely see more heart attacks, chest pain, CVAs, and high blood pressure emergencies in this age group. Asthma and COPD flare-ups are common too. Diabetic emergencies happen more often. Back injuries and falls leading to fractures are also frequent.

Lifestyle Factors and Chronic Disease Management: Encourage regular check-ups for blood pressure, cholesterol, and cancer screenings. If your patient smokes, stress how important it is to quit. Push for regular exercise and healthy eating. Make sure they're taking their meds correctly for any ongoing health issues. Middle-aged folks can have a hard time going to the doctor because things have always "just worked themselves out" before, and they don't trust doctors.

Approaching Middle-Aged Patients: Get a full health history, including all medications. Watch out for drug interactions. Check for both new problems and flare-ups of old ones. Communicate clearly and respectfully – these folks have life experience. Be ready to offer emotional support, as health scares can be extra stressful at this age. Remember, lifestyle choices can be as important as genetics in managing health, so help them to understand.